Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Ngữ pháp lý thuyết tiếng Anh – Đề 9

Superlative adjectives compare three or more things to show which is 'most' or 'least'. For short adjectives, we use '-est' (tallest); for longer adjectives, we use 'most' (most beautiful). 'Tall' is a short adjective, so 'tallest' is correct. 'Most tallest' is redundant, and 'more tall' is incorrect for superlative.

The passive voice is used when the subject is acted upon by the verb. In 'The report was submitted by the team yesterday,' the report (subject) receives the action of 'submitted.' The presence of 'was' + past participle and 'by the team' further indicates passive voice.

Modal verbs (like can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would) are auxiliary verbs that express modality – attitudes and opinions about the likelihood, possibility, necessity, permission, etc., of an event or action.

Punctuation marks (like commas, periods, question marks) primarily serve to clarify meaning, structure sentences grammatically, and guide reading rhythm. They do NOT change the fundamental dictionary meaning (lexical meaning) of words. Lexical meaning is determined by the word itself, not punctuation.

Syntax is the branch of grammar that deals with the rules for combining words to form grammatical sentences. It governs word order and sentence structure.

Prepositions (like in, on, at, under, over) show relationships of time, place, direction, etc., between a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition) and other parts of the sentence. They introduce prepositional phrases.

An absolute phrase modifies an entire sentence. It contains a noun and a participle and is grammatically independent of the main clause. 'The rain having stopped' is an absolute phrase modifying 'we went outside'. Option 1 is a run-on sentence. Options 3 and 4 use subordinate clauses, not absolute phrases.

Count nouns (like books, cars, apples) can be counted and have singular and plural forms. Non-count nouns (like water, air, information) cannot be counted and are typically used in singular form. While there's some correlation with concreteness vs. abstractness (option 3), it's not the defining feature. Option 4 reverses the correct usage of 'much' and 'many'.

Parallel structure (or parallelism) is the repetition of a grammatical form in two or more parts of a sentence to create balance and clarity. In option 4, all items in the list are gerunds ('singing,' 'dancing,' 'acting'), maintaining parallel grammatical structure. The other options mix gerunds and infinitives, breaking parallelism.

Anastrophe is a figure of speech involving the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses. In 'Beautiful and intelligent, she is,' the typical subject-verb-complement order ('She is beautiful and intelligent') is inverted for emphasis, placing the adjectives at the beginning.

Articles are determiners that specify whether a noun is specific (the - definite article) or general (a/an - indefinite articles). They help to narrow down or broaden the reference of a noun.

An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. They answer questions like 'how?', 'when?', 'where?', 'why?', and 'to what extent?' about the words they modify.

Derivation is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding prefixes or suffixes (like -ly, -ness, un-, pre-). 'Quickly' is derived from 'quick' by adding the suffix '-ly'. Inflection is changing word form to indicate grammatical function (tense, number, case), compounding combines two whole words, and conjugation is verb inflection.

A conjunction is defined as a word that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. It establishes relationships such as addition, contrast, cause and effect, etc., between grammatical units.

Collective nouns (like team, family, committee) can be singular or plural depending on whether they are acting as a single unit or as individual members. In American English, collective nouns are typically treated as singular, hence 'The team is playing well' is correct. In British English, 'The team are playing well' is also acceptable when emphasizing individual members.

In option 2, 'written by a famous author' is a participle phrase modifying the noun 'book', acting as an adjective. Option 1 uses a participle phrase as an adverbial phrase, option 3 is an infinitive phrase, and option 4 is an adverbial clause.

The subjunctive mood is used to express wishes, hypothetical situations, suggestions, or demands. 'I wish I were taller' correctly uses 'were' (subjunctive form of 'be') to express a wish that contradicts reality. 'If I were you...' is also correct subjunctive, but option 1 uses 'was' which is indicative in informal speech but not grammatically standard subjunctive.

Non-essential relative clauses provide extra information that is not crucial to identifying the noun they modify and are set off by commas. In option 2, 'who lives in London' provides additional information about 'My brother' but is not necessary to identify which brother. The other options contain essential relative clauses.

The base form of a verb is its simplest form, the one listed in dictionaries, without any endings like -s, -ed, or -ing. It's also known as the 'plain form' or 'root form'. 'Infinitive' usually refers to 'to + base form'.

'Sleeping soundly on the rug' is a participial phrase because it begins with a participle ('sleeping') and modifies the noun 'cat'. It functions as an adjective phrase.

Anaphora is the rhetorical device of repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences for emphasis and artistic effect. Epistrophe is repetition at the end, antithesis is contrasting ideas, and chiasmus is a reversal of grammatical structure in successive clauses.

A split infinitive occurs when an adverb is placed between 'to' and the base form of the infinitive (e.g., 'to quickly finish'). Option 4, 'to quickly finish,' is a split infinitive. While split infinitives were traditionally discouraged, they are now widely accepted, especially in informal English, when they improve clarity or naturalness.

A complement is a word or phrase that completes the meaning of a verb, subject, or object. Subject complements follow linking verbs (e.g., 'is', 'seems') and describe or rename the subject. Object complements follow direct objects and describe or rename them. They are essential to complete the sentence's meaning.

A gerund is a verb form ending in '-ing' that functions as a noun. For example, in 'Swimming is good exercise,' 'swimming' is a gerund acting as the subject of the sentence.

Pronoun-antecedent agreement means a pronoun must agree in number and gender with its antecedent (the noun it refers to). 'Each student' is singular, so the pronoun referring to it should also be singular. While 'their' is increasingly used generically, grammatically, with 'each student,' singular pronouns are preferred. 'His or her' is grammatically correct and gender-neutral. 'His' is also grammatically singular but gender-specific.

The error is using the objective pronoun 'their' before the gerund 'going.' When a pronoun precedes a gerund functioning as a noun, it should be in the possessive form: 'Their going' should be 'Their going's' or more commonly, 'Their going' (although 'their going' is increasingly accepted in informal usage, grammatically possessive is preferred). However, in formal grammar, especially in tests assessing grammar theory, possessive is considered correct. The better phrasing is 'Their going to the park... (possessive) or 'Them going to the park...' (objective, less formal).

Syntax is the study of sentence structure and word order, including grammatical relationships like subject, verb, object, complement, and modifier. It describes how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. In 'Covered in mud, I washed the car,' the modifier 'Covered in mud' is intended to modify 'car,' but grammatically it seems to modify 'I.' The sentence implies 'I was covered in mud,' which is illogical. Options 1, 2, and 4 have clear subjects for their modifying phrases (I, I, I respectively).

Tense (past, present, future) and aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous) are grammatical categories of verbs that primarily relate to time. Tense indicates the time of an action or state in relation to the speaker, while aspect describes how the action or state unfolds in time (its duration, completion, repetition, etc.).

Denotation is the dictionary definition or literal meaning of a word. Connotation refers to the feelings, emotions, or cultural associations connected to a word, which can be positive, negative, or neutral and go beyond its literal definition.