Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Ngữ pháp lý thuyết tiếng Anh – Đề 4

The phrase 'by the river' modifies the verb 'live', indicating where they live. Phrases that modify verbs are typically adverbial phrases. Option 2 is correct. Option 1 is incorrect because it doesn't modify a noun but the verb. Options 3 and 4 are incorrect as it's not functioning as a noun or a verb phrase itself.

The verb 'to lie' (to recline) in present tense is 'lie', past tense is 'lay', and past participle is 'lain'. Option 2, 'He lies on the beach every day,' correctly uses the present tense form 'lies'. Option 1 uses 'laid', which is the past tense of 'to lay' (to place). Option 3 uses 'lain' incorrectly as a simple past tense. Option 4 uses 'laying', which is the present participle of 'to lay' (to place), not 'to lie' (to recline).

A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (like 'so', 'and', 'but', 'or', 'nor', 'for', 'yet') or a semicolon. 'It was raining' and 'we stayed inside' are both independent clauses, joined by 'so'. Options 1 and 2 are complex sentences with a dependent clause and an independent clause. Option 4 is a simple sentence with a participial phrase.

Modal verbs (like 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'will', 'would', 'shall', 'should', 'must') are auxiliary verbs that express modality, such as possibility, necessity, permission, or obligation. Option 2 correctly defines their function. Options 1, 3, and 4 describe functions of other verb types or conjunctions, not modal verbs.

Words ending in '-self' or '-selves' that refer back to the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I hurt myself') are called reflexive pronouns. Option 2 correctly identifies this. Options 1, 3, and 4 refer to different types of pronouns (possessive, demonstrative, and relative, respectively).

The passive voice is formed using a form of 'to be' + past participle. It focuses on the action being performed on the subject, rather than the actor. Option 3, 'The car was driven by John,' is the correct passive construction. Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect and do not form passive voice sentences properly.

The apostrophe and 's' ('s) in 'John's book' indicate possession or the genitive case, showing that the book belongs to John. Option 2 correctly identifies this. Options 1, 3, and 4 refer to plural forms, verb forms, and shortened forms of words, not possession.

The subject of the sentence is 'The dog' (singular). Phrases like 'along with its puppies' do not change the subject. Therefore, a singular verb ('is') is required. Option 3 correctly uses a singular verb with a singular subject. Options 1, 2, and 4 incorrectly pair singular subjects with plural verbs or plural subjects with singular verbs due to misinterpreting the subject.

A dangling modifier is a modifier that doesn't clearly modify any word in the sentence or modifies the wrong word. In Option 3, 'Finishing the homework' is intended to modify 'Sarah', but it grammatically modifies 'TV', nonsensically suggesting the TV finished the homework. Options 1, 2, and 4 correctly attach the modifier to 'Sarah'.

An ellipsis (...) is typically used to indicate an omission of words or a pause in speech or thought. There is usually a space before the ellipsis if it follows a complete word, and a space after. Option 1 correctly places the ellipsis with spaces around it to indicate a pause in thought. Options 2, 3, and 4 have incorrect spacing or punctuation around the ellipsis.

A colon is used to introduce a list, explanation, or example. It should follow a complete independent clause. Option 4 is correct because 'I need to buy the following' is a complete clause that introduces the list. Option 1 incorrectly places the colon directly after the verb 'buy'. Option 2 misplaces it after the list. Option 3 is incomplete as it doesn't introduce anything.

Both gerunds and present participles are formed from verbs and end in '-ing'. However, a gerund acts as a noun (e.g., 'Swimming is good exercise'), while a present participle acts as an adjective (e.g., 'a swimming pool') or forms continuous verb tenses (e.g., 'He is swimming'). Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect in their functional definitions or distinctions.

Words like 'although', 'because', 'if', 'since', 'while' introduce dependent clauses and connect them to independent clauses, making them subordinating conjunctions. Option 2 is correct. Options 1, 3, and 4 refer to different types of conjunctions or adverbs with different functions (coordinating, correlative, and conjunctive adverbs, respectively).

'Affect' is typically used as a verb meaning 'to influence', while 'effect' is often used as a noun meaning 'result' or 'consequence'. In Option 2, 'affected' is correctly used as a verb to show the weather's influence. Options 1, 3, and 4 misuse 'effect' as a verb or 'affect' as a noun incorrectly in this context.

A count noun is a noun that can be counted and has a plural form. 'Book' is a count noun because you can have 'one book', 'two books', etc. Options 1, 2, and 4 ('water', 'advice', 'information') are uncountable nouns, which do not typically have plural forms and are often treated as singular.

The subjunctive mood is used for hypothetical or unreal situations, typically in 'if' clauses. 'Were' is the correct subjunctive form of 'to be' in this context. 'If I were you' is the standard and grammatically correct usage for hypothetical advice. Option 1 uses 'was' which is indicative mood in this context, and Option 2 and 4 use incorrect tense pairings.

A semicolon can be used to join two closely related independent clauses. 'I went to the store' and 'I bought milk' are both independent clauses, and they are related enough to be joined by a semicolon. Option 4 is correct. Option 1 incorrectly uses a semicolon before a coordinating conjunction joining two clauses. Option 2 is a run-on sentence. Option 3 incorrectly places a semicolon after a conjunction within a single clause structure.

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or provides additional information about a noun or noun phrase right beside it. For example, in 'My brother, a doctor, lives in London,' 'a doctor' is an appositive describing 'My brother'. Option 3 correctly defines this function. Options 1, 2, and 4 describe conjunctions, adverbial modifiers, and interjections, respectively, not appositives.

Parallel structure means using the same grammatical form for elements in a list or series. In Option 4, 'swimming', 'hiking', and 'biking' are all gerunds, maintaining parallel structure. Options 1, 2, and 3 mix different grammatical forms (gerunds and infinitives), violating parallel structure.

An antecedent is the noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to. For example, in 'Mary went home because she was tired,' 'Mary' is the antecedent of the pronoun 'she'. Option 1 correctly defines this function. Options 2, 3, and 4 describe general word order, verb type, and adverbs of time, not antecedents.

'In spite of' is a prepositional phrase that introduces an adverbial phrase of concession, modifying the verb 'went'. Prepositions show relationships between words, often indicating location, time, or manner. Option 1 is correct. Option 2 is incorrect because conjunctions connect clauses, not phrases in this way. Options 3 and 4 are incorrect as adverbs and interjections do not function in this prepositional manner.

A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning. It cannot be broken down into smaller meaningful parts. Options 2, 3, and 4 describe sentence, phoneme, and conjunction, respectively, not morpheme.

'Who' is used as a subject pronoun (performs the action), while 'whom' is used as an object pronoun (receives the action). For example, 'Who is there?' (subject) and 'To whom did you give the book?' (object). Option 2 accurately describes this distinction. Options 1, 3, and 4 misstate the roles or deny the difference.

'It's' is a contraction of 'it is' or 'it has'. 'Its' is a possessive pronoun. Option 2 correctly uses 'It's' to mean 'it is raining' and 'its' as the possessive form referring to the umbrella belonging to 'it' (implied context of needing an umbrella because of the rain). Options 1, 3, and 4 incorrectly interchange or misuse 'its' and 'it's'.

In option 1, 'Walking down the street' incorrectly modifies 'I', suggesting that 'I' was walking down the street, not the cat. Options 2, 3, and 4 correctly place the modifier to describe the cat's action. A misplaced modifier creates ambiguity or unintended meaning.

'However' connects two independent clauses ('The weather was cold' and 'we enjoyed the trip'), indicating a contrast. Words that connect clauses are conjunctions. In this specific usage it is a conjunctive adverb functioning as a coordinating conjunction.

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb (e.g., 'run quickly'), an adjective (e.g., 'very tall'), or another adverb (e.g., 'extremely quickly'). Option 3 correctly defines this function. Options 1, 2, and 4 (noun, adjective, pronoun) have different grammatical functions.

An adjective phrase is a phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun, functioning like an adjective. Examples include 'very tall', 'extremely beautiful', or 'full of joy'. Option 3 is the direct and correct answer. While prepositional phrases can sometimes act adjectivally (Option 2), 'adjective phrase' is the more direct and encompassing term for a phrase functioning as an adjective. Options 1 and 4 describe phrases with adverbial and noun functions, respectively.

'Fewer' is used with countable nouns (things you can count individually), while 'less' is used with uncountable nouns (mass nouns). For example, 'fewer cars' and 'less water'. Option 2 correctly states this distinction. Options 1, 3, and 4 misstate the usage or deny the difference.

In American English, double quotation marks (“ ”) are typically used to enclose direct quotations. Punctuation that is part of the quoted material usually goes inside the quotation marks. Option 3 correctly uses double quotes and places the punctuation inside. Options 1 and 2 use single quotes, and Option 4 incorrectly places the punctuation outside the opening quotation mark.