Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Tổng quan về logistics – Đề 5

The logistics process usually begins with demand forecasting and planning. Understanding anticipated demand is crucial for all subsequent logistics activities, including procurement, inventory management, and transportation.

Warehousing serves the critical function of storing inventory. It acts as a buffer to manage fluctuations in supply and demand, allowing businesses to maintain stock levels and fulfill orders efficiently.

Future trends in logistics include the increasing adoption of advanced technologies like autonomous vehicles (trucks, drones) for transportation and delivery, driven by the need for efficiency, speed, and reduced labor costs. This is a significant area of development and investment in the logistics industry.

Lack of communication and coordination among various partners across the supply chain is a significant challenge, especially in global logistics. Complex networks, cultural differences, and time zone variations can hinder effective information sharing and collaboration.

Inventory in logistics encompasses all materials and goods a company holds for sale or use in production, including raw materials, goods being processed, and finished products ready for distribution.

Ethical considerations in logistics include ensuring fair labor practices throughout the supply chain, promoting environmental sustainability, and operating with integrity and transparency. Businesses are increasingly expected to be socially responsible in their logistics and supply chain operations.

In a globalized economy, effective logistics is crucial for competitive advantage. It enables businesses to reduce costs across the supply chain, improve delivery times, and enhance customer service, all vital for success.

3PL is the widely accepted abbreviation for Third-Party Logistics. It refers to the outsourcing of logistics services to a specialized company that handles some or all of a company's supply chain management functions.

Logistics is integral to customer service. Efficient logistics ensures products are available when and where customers need them, delivered on time and in good condition, directly impacting customer satisfaction and loyalty. It's a key component of the overall customer service experience.

Water transport, particularly shipping, is typically the most cost-effective and suitable for large volumes of bulky, low-value goods over long distances, although it is slower than other modes.

Retail companies, especially in e-commerce, often face more complex last-mile delivery challenges due to the need to deliver to numerous individual customers at various locations. Manufacturing companies, while also having complex logistics, may focus more on B2B shipments and raw material procurement.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a broader, more encompassing term than logistics. SCM includes logistics and integrates it with other crucial functions like purchasing, manufacturing, and marketing to create a cohesive, value-added process across the entire chain.

Sustainable logistics aims to balance economic efficiency with environmental and social responsibility. It involves designing and managing logistics operations in a way that minimizes negative environmental impacts and promotes social well-being, ensuring long-term viability and resource availability for future generations.

Technology has revolutionized logistics by enabling real-time visibility through tracking systems, automating warehouse processes, improving communication among stakeholders, and optimizing routes and delivery schedules, leading to greater efficiency and responsiveness.

Green logistics, also known as sustainable logistics, focuses on reducing the environmental footprint of logistics activities. This includes minimizing emissions, waste, and resource consumption throughout the supply chain.

On-time delivery rate is a crucial KPI in logistics, directly measuring the percentage of shipments delivered to customers within the agreed timeframe. It reflects the efficiency and reliability of the logistics operations and their impact on customer satisfaction.

Last mile delivery is the final leg of the supply chain, focusing on the transportation of goods from a distribution center or hub directly to the end customer's doorstep. It's often the most complex and costly part of the delivery process.

Logistics operations are vulnerable to various risks, including natural disasters, transportation delays, supplier disruptions, and geopolitical events. Proactive risk management is crucial for identifying, assessing, and mitigating these potential disruptions to ensure supply chain resilience and business continuity.

The primary goal of logistics is customer satisfaction through reliable and cost-effective delivery of goods and services. While cost efficiency is important, it's a means to achieve customer satisfaction.

Outsourcing logistics to a 3PL provider often provides access to specialized expertise, advanced technology, and economies of scale that individual companies may find difficult or costly to develop in-house. This allows companies to focus on their core competencies.

Reverse logistics involves all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It includes managing returns, recycling, refurbishing, and disposal of goods flowing back up the supply chain.

Inbound logistics focuses on the receiving, storing, and disseminating incoming goods or materials for use or production. It deals with suppliers and the flow of resources into the company.

Optimizing logistics operations, such as route planning, shipment consolidation to fill transportation capacity, and improving warehouse processes, is crucial for reducing costs while maintaining or even improving service levels. This approach focuses on efficiency and resource utilization.

Information flow is critical in logistics because it enables all stakeholders to coordinate activities, gain visibility into inventory and shipments, make informed decisions, and respond effectively to changes or disruptions. It's essential for a responsive and efficient supply chain.

E-commerce has dramatically reshaped logistics by creating demand for faster delivery speeds, more frequent and smaller shipments directly to consumers, and efficient handling of product returns. This has led to innovations in last-mile delivery and reverse logistics.

Global logistics is significantly more complex due to factors like longer distances, varied customs regulations and tariffs across countries, diverse cultural and language barriers, different time zones, and infrastructure variations, all of which need to be managed effectively.

Effective inventory management strives for a balance between minimizing holding costs (by keeping inventory low) and ensuring product availability to meet customer demand and avoid stockouts, which can lead to lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.

A 4PL provider acts as a supply chain integrator or lead logistics provider. They manage the entire supply chain process, often outsourcing functions to multiple 3PL providers and other service providers, offering a broader and more strategic level of management.

Value-added services (VAS) in logistics go beyond the core functions of transportation and warehousing. They include services like labeling, packaging, kitting, assembly, and other customized operations that enhance the product or service offering and provide additional value to customers.

Logistics focuses on the efficient and effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption to meet customers' requirements.