Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Tổng quan về logistics – Đề 14

The 'last mile' refers to the most challenging and often most expensive part of the delivery process, which is getting the goods from the last distribution center or hub to the final destination, usually the customer's doorstep.

Inventory management focuses on maintaining optimal levels of stock to meet demand while minimizing holding costs. It involves controlling and managing the quantity and flow of goods in storage.

Logistics optimization aims to create a more streamlined and effective system. This leads to improved efficiency, cost reductions in areas like transportation and warehousing, and ultimately, better customer service and satisfaction.

Logistics operations are susceptible to various risks, including supply chain disruptions caused by unforeseen events like natural disasters, political instability, or pandemics. Stable demand, efficient networks, and good communication are positive aspects, not risks.

A 4PL provider acts as a supply chain integrator, outsourcing logistics activities to multiple 3PL providers and managing the entire process on behalf of the client. They provide a higher level of strategic management and coordination compared to 3PLs.

Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management is a system focused on minimizing inventory by receiving goods only when they are needed, reducing storage costs and waste. It requires precise demand forecasting and efficient logistics.

Value-added services (VAS) in logistics go beyond basic transportation and warehousing. They include additional services that enhance the product or service offering, such as product assembly, labeling, packaging, customization, or kitting.

Logistics often involves trade-offs. Lower transportation costs might be achieved by slower shipping methods or consolidating shipments, which can lead to longer delivery times and potentially require holding more inventory to meet immediate demand. There is often a balance to strike between cost-efficiency and service levels.

Effective logistics leads to timely delivery, order accuracy, and efficient handling of goods, all of which contribute to enhanced customer service and satisfaction. The other options are negative consequences of poor logistics.

Road, rail, and air are common modes of transportation used in logistics for moving goods. Teleportation, while a concept in science fiction, is not a currently available or practical mode of transportation in logistics.

Information flow is critical in logistics for coordinating activities, tracking shipments, managing inventory, and ensuring efficient communication between all parties in the supply chain. It is essential for smooth and effective operations.

Outbound logistics focuses on the downstream part of the supply chain, managing the distribution of finished products from the company to the end consumer. It is about getting the product to the market after production.

Inbound logistics specifically deals with the upstream part of the supply chain, focusing on the procurement and movement of resources needed for production, originating from suppliers.

Green logistics aims to make logistics operations more environmentally sustainable by reducing emissions, waste, and resource consumption. It focuses on minimizing the ecological impact of transportation, warehousing, and other logistics activities.

Warehousing serves as a storage point in the logistics network, enabling inventory management, consolidation, and order fulfillment. It is not involved in manufacturing, marketing, or payment processing.

Centralized warehousing typically involves fewer, larger warehouses serving a broader geographical area, potentially increasing transportation distances but consolidating inventory. Decentralized warehousing uses more, smaller warehouses located closer to customer markets to reduce delivery times, but might increase overall inventory holding.

Logistics is fundamentally concerned with the management of flow and storage, encompassing goods, services, and information. While production, marketing, and finance are related to business operations, they are not the primary focus of logistics.

Order fulfillment is a comprehensive process that includes all steps from when a customer places an order to when they receive and are satisfied with their purchase. This includes order processing, warehousing, picking, packing, shipping, and customer service.

While customer service is a crucial outcome of effective logistics, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a broader business strategy focusing on customer interactions and data. Inventory management, transportation, and warehousing are all integral components of logistics management.

A 3PL provider is an external company that performs logistics functions for another company. Freight forwarders are a common example, offering transportation and related logistics services. Internal departments and facilities are not considered 3PLs.

Supply chain visibility refers to the transparency and ability to monitor the status and location of goods, materials, and information as they move across the entire supply chain. It is crucial for proactive problem-solving and efficient management.

Cross-docking is a warehousing strategy aimed at reducing storage time and handling costs by moving goods directly from the receiving dock to the shipping dock, often with minimal or no storage in between.

An efficient logistics system is characterized by minimal waste, optimized use of resources (like time, fuel, and labor), and cost-effectiveness. High costs, excessive inventory, and slow processing are indicators of inefficiency.

Packaging plays a crucial role in logistics by protecting products from damage during transit and storage. Effective packaging also contributes to efficient handling, stacking, and space utilization in warehouses and vehicles.

The logistics industry is facing increasing challenges due to the growing complexity of global supply chains, rising customer expectations for faster delivery, and various disruptions. Skilled labor shortages and fuel cost fluctuations are also concerns, but supply chain complexity and delivery speed demands are overarching challenges. Trade regulations are generally becoming more, not less, complex in many regions.

Demand forecasting is essential for logistics planning as it helps predict future demand for products. Accurate forecasts enable businesses to optimize inventory levels, plan transportation and warehousing resources effectively, and avoid stockouts or excess inventory.

Transportation is the core logistics activity that directly addresses the physical movement of goods. Demand forecasting and inventory control are planning and management functions, while order processing is administrative.

Reverse logistics handles the flow of goods and materials backwards in the supply chain, typically from the consumer back to the manufacturer or distributor. This includes returns, recycling, and disposal.

The internet and digital communication have revolutionized logistics by enabling real-time tracking, information sharing, e-commerce, and advanced logistics management systems. While other inventions listed have had historical impact, the internet's impact on modern logistics is most significant and direct.

KPI stands for Key Performance Indicator. In logistics, KPIs are metrics used to measure and evaluate the performance and efficiency of logistics operations, such as on-time delivery rate, order accuracy, or inventory turnover.