Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Ngữ pháp lý thuyết tiếng Anh – Đề 7

'Fewer' is used to refer to countable nouns (things you can count individually), while 'less' is used for uncountable nouns (things you cannot count individually, like liquids, time, or abstract concepts). Option 2 correctly states this distinction.

Proper nouns, abstract nouns, and collective nouns are all types of nouns. A gerund is a verb form acting as a noun, but 'gerund noun' is not a standard classification of noun type in the same way as proper, abstract, or collective nouns. Gerunds are verbals, functioning as nouns, rather than a type of noun itself. Option 3 is therefore the best answer as it is not typically categorized as a 'type of noun'.

The subjunctive mood is used to express wishes, suggestions, demands, or hypothetical situations. Option 2, 'If I were you, I would apologize,' correctly uses 'were' (subjunctive form of 'be') in a hypothetical situation. While option 1 is common in informal English, 'I wish I were taller' is grammatically more correct subjunctive. Option 3 and 4 incorrectly use 'is' and 'goes'; the subjunctive form after 'demand' and 'insist' should be 'be' and 'go' respectively.

Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so - FANBOYS) connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal grammatical rank. 'So' indicates a result or consequence. In option 3, 'They went to the park, so it rained' is illogical; going to the park does not cause rain. The other options use coordinating conjunctions logically and correctly to show relationships between clauses or ideas.

A dangling modifier is a modifying word, phrase, or clause that does not clearly and logically modify any word in the sentence, often because the subject it is meant to modify is missing or unclear. In option 1, 'After finishing the homework' is intended to modify 'we', but the sentence structure makes it seem like 'the pizza' finished the homework, creating a dangling modifier. Option 2 correctly clarifies who finished the homework ('we').

Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) refer back to the subject of the clause. Option 2 correctly uses 'themselves' because the subject 'they' is also the recipient of the action 'hurt'. Option 1 is incorrect because 'I' saw 'myself', not 'himself'. Option 3 incorrectly uses 'myself' where 'me' should be used. Option 4 incorrectly uses 'I' instead of 'me' as the object of the preposition 'to'.

Parallel structure means using the same grammatical form for elements in a sentence that are grammatically parallel. In option 3, 'history', 'literature', and 'studying art' are all noun phrases, maintaining parallel structure. Option 1 is incorrect because 'reading books' is a gerund phrase, not parallel with 'to swim' and 'to hike' (infinitives). Option 2 mixes gerunds and an infinitive. Option 4 mixes past tense verbs with a gerund phrase.

The past perfect continuous tense (had been + verb-ing) describes an action that was ongoing for a period of time before another point in the past. Option 3 correctly shows this: his working at the company was ongoing before he got promoted (another point in the past). The other options use different tenses incorrectly.

A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, a semicolon, or a conjunctive adverb. Option 3, 'It was raining, so we stayed inside,' is a compound sentence with two independent clauses connected by the coordinating conjunction 'so'. Options 1 and 2 are complex sentences, and option 4 is a simple sentence with a prepositional phrase.

In American English, double quotation marks ('...') are standard for direct speech. A comma usually precedes the quotation if it follows 'said' or a similar verb. Punctuation within the quote usually goes inside the quotation marks. Option 3, 'She said, 'Let's go to the park.'', correctly applies these conventions. Option 1 is missing the closing quotation mark at the end. Option 2 is missing both opening and closing quotation marks surrounding the direct speech. Option 4 uses a colon, which is less common for direct speech in this simple form and often reserved for more formal or extended quotations.

The underlined clause 'which I borrowed from the library' modifies the noun 'book'. Clauses that modify nouns or pronouns are adjective clauses (also known as relative clauses). Therefore, option 3 is correct.

The present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue to the present, or actions completed in the past with relevance to the present. Option 3, 'I have known him for five years,' correctly uses the present perfect to indicate a state (knowing someone) that started in the past and continues to the present. Options 1, 2, and 4 use incorrect tenses in this context.

Pronouns are used to replace nouns, avoiding repetition and making sentences more concise and fluent. They refer to nouns that have already been mentioned or are understood from the context. Option 2 is incorrect; adjectives are used to modify nouns, not pronouns. Pronouns replace nouns, not modify them.

The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the object of the action rather than the doer. Option 4, 'My car was stolen,' is an effective use of passive voice because it emphasizes the fact that the car was stolen, and the doer ('someone' or 'thieves') is unknown or unimportant in this context. Option 2 is also passive but less effective than option 4 because option 4 naturally omits the doer when it's not crucial. Option 3 is active voice, and option 1 is active voice.

A gerund is a verb form ending in '-ing' that functions as a noun. It can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Option 1 is incorrect because a gerund functions as a noun, not solely as a verb. Options 2, 3, and 4 are all correct characteristics of a gerund.

Interjections are words or short phrases used to express strong emotions, surprise, or sudden feelings. Examples include 'Wow!', 'Oh!', 'Oops!'. Option 3 accurately describes their function. Options 1, 2, and 4 describe the functions of conjunctions, adverbs, and adjectives, respectively.

Modal verbs like 'might', 'could', 'may' express possibility. 'Might' is correctly used in option 3 to indicate that rain is a possible event. Options 1, 2, and 4 incorrectly use 'to' after modal verbs like 'must', 'should', and 'can'. Modal verbs are followed by the base form of the verb.

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause, or a sentence. It provides information about how, when, where, or to what extent something is done. Option 3, 'Adverb', is the correct answer. Options 1, 2, and 4 are different parts of speech with distinct functions.

The key difference between a phrase and a clause is the presence of a subject and a verb. A clause contains both a subject and a verb (and expresses a proposition), while a phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb (or does not express a proposition even if it contains both). Option 2 correctly highlights this distinction.

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or explains another noun or pronoun right beside it. For example, in 'My brother, a doctor, is very busy', 'a doctor' is an appositive explaining 'My brother'. Option 2 accurately describes the function of an appositive.

Subject-verb agreement means the verb must agree in number (singular or plural) with its subject. In option 4, the subject is 'dog' (singular), and the verb 'is' (singular) agrees. 'Along with its puppies' is a prepositional phrase and doesn't change the subject. In option 1, 'team' is a singular collective noun and should take a singular verb ('is'). In option 2, 'each' is singular, so 'has' should be used. In option 3, 'neither' is singular, so 'is' should be used.

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Option 3, 'Because the dog barked, the cat ran away,' is a complex sentence. 'The cat ran away' is the independent clause, and 'Because the dog barked' is the dependent clause introduced by the subordinating conjunction 'because'. Option 1 is a simple sentence. Option 2 is a compound sentence. Option 4 is a simple sentence.

Articles are determiners that precede nouns and specify whether the noun is general or specific. 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles, used for general or non-specific nouns. 'The' is a definite article, used for specific nouns. Option 2 correctly identifies their primary function as specifying nouns.

A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is incorrectly separated from the word it modifies, making the sentence awkward or unclear. In option 4, 'With a long tail' is intended to modify 'dog', but it is placed at the beginning, incorrectly suggesting that 'I' have a long tail. Option 2 is the clearest and correct placement of the modifier.

A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Examples include 'and', 'but', 'or', 'because', 'although'. Option 2, 'Conjunction', is the correct answer. Options 1, 3, and 4 describe different parts of speech with different functions.

A Type 2 conditional (unreal/hypothetical present) uses the structure 'If + past simple, would + base verb'. Option 2, 'If it rained, I would take an umbrella,' correctly follows this structure. Option 1 is a Type 1 conditional, option 3 is a Type 3 conditional, and option 4 is a zero conditional.

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to connect grammatically equal elements in a sentence. 'Not only...but also' is a pair of correlative conjunctions. Option 3, 'Not only is he intelligent but also hardworking,' correctly uses this pair (note the inversion after 'Not only'). Option 1 is grammatically awkward. Option 2 uses 'both...and' correctly, but option 3 is a better example of a slightly more complex correlative structure. Option 4 uses 'whether...or' which is also correlative but less emphatic than 'not only...but also' for this context.

'Affect' is primarily used as a verb meaning 'to influence' or 'to act on'. 'Effect' is primarily used as a noun meaning 'result' or 'consequence'. Option 2 correctly identifies this primary distinction in their parts of speech. While 'effect' can also be a verb (meaning 'to bring about'), and 'affect' can be a noun (in psychology, referring to emotion), their most common usages are as verb and noun respectively.

Prepositions show relationships between words in a sentence. Option 4, 'I agree to you,' is incorrect. The correct preposition to use with 'agree' when expressing agreement with a person is 'with', not 'to'. The correct sentence should be 'I agree with you.' Options 1, 2, and 3 use prepositions correctly in common English phrases.

A participial phrase is a phrase beginning with a participle (present or past) that modifies a noun or pronoun. 'Running quickly' in option 1 is a present participial phrase modifying 'he' and describes an action happening at the same time as the main verb. The other options do not use participial phrases in the same way.