1. Which pricing strategy is typically used when introducing a new product in a foreign market at a high price to skim off the top of the market?
A. Penetration pricing.
B. Cost-plus pricing.
C. Skimming pricing.
D. Competitive pricing.
2. What is the `gray market` or `parallel import` phenomenon in international marketing?
A. Illegal counterfeiting of branded products.
B. Distribution of genuine branded goods through unauthorized channels.
C. Marketing products specifically designed for low-income countries.
D. Selling products at discounted prices in developing nations.
3. Cultural differences in international markets primarily impact which aspect of the marketing mix?
A. Product only.
B. Price only.
C. Promotion primarily, but also product and place.
D. Price and distribution only.
4. What is `countertrade` in international marketing?
A. Trade between countries with similar economic development levels.
B. International trade where goods or services are exchanged for other goods or services rather than for money.
C. Trade policies that promote free trade.
D. Trade agreements that reduce tariffs.
5. What does `Glocalization` in international marketing strategy imply?
A. Ignoring local market differences and standardizing globally.
B. Focusing solely on global brand building.
C. Adapting global products and marketing to local markets while maintaining a global brand identity.
D. Primarily targeting global niche markets.
6. Which of the following is NOT a typical objective of international marketing?
A. Expanding market reach and increasing sales volume.
B. Achieving economies of scale in production and marketing.
C. Solely focusing on domestic market dominance.
D. Enhancing brand reputation and global brand equity.
7. What is `dumping` in international trade practices?
A. Selling products at a very high price in a foreign market.
B. Exporting products at prices lower than their cost of production or in the home market.
C. Importing products at subsidized prices.
D. Bartering goods instead of using monetary transactions.
8. What is the primary focus of international marketing compared to domestic marketing?
A. Exclusively targeting consumers within a company`s home country.
B. Managing marketing activities across national borders.
C. Focusing solely on online marketing strategies.
D. Reducing marketing expenditures to minimize risk.
9. What is the `leverage` concept in the context of international marketing capabilities?
A. Ignoring domestic market expertise when entering foreign markets.
B. Utilizing and adapting a company`s existing domestic capabilities, resources, and knowledge to international markets.
C. Duplicating domestic marketing strategies without any modification.
D. Focusing solely on developing new capabilities for each foreign market independently.
10. In international marketing communication, what is `noise`?
A. The clarity of the message.
B. Anything that distorts or interferes with the intended message.
C. The volume of advertising.
D. The feedback from consumers.
11. What is the primary goal of international marketing logistics?
A. To minimize production costs.
B. To efficiently and effectively move goods across international borders to reach the final consumer.
C. To maximize advertising reach globally.
D. To set competitive pricing strategies in each market.
12. Which of the following is NOT typically considered a major environmental factor affecting international marketing decisions?
A. Political and legal environment.
B. Economic environment.
C. Technological environment.
D. Personal preferences of the CEO.
13. Which distribution strategy is most suitable for companies aiming for intensive market coverage in a foreign market?
A. Exclusive distribution.
B. Selective distribution.
C. Intensive distribution.
D. Direct distribution.
14. What is the `country of origin effect` in international marketing?
A. The impact of a product`s price on its perceived quality.
B. Consumers` perceptions and attitudes towards products based on where they are made.
C. The effect of cultural values on product design.
D. The influence of government policies on international trade.
15. What is the `born global` firm?
A. A company that only operates in its domestic market.
B. A company that internationalizes very early in its lifecycle, often from inception.
C. A large multinational corporation with operations in many countries.
D. A company that exports occasionally to foreign markets.
16. Which of Porter`s Five Forces is particularly relevant when analyzing the attractiveness of a foreign market entry?
A. Bargaining power of suppliers only.
B. Threat of substitute products or services only.
C. All five forces: competitive rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, and bargaining power of suppliers.
D. Bargaining power of buyers only.
17. Which of the following best describes `polycentric` orientation in international marketing?
A. Viewing the world as one large market and standardizing marketing efforts.
B. Focusing primarily on the home country market.
C. Treating each host country market as unique and adapting marketing strategies accordingly.
D. Seeking a balance between standardization and adaptation.
18. What does `standardization` in international marketing strategy primarily refer to?
A. Adapting marketing strategies to each local market`s unique characteristics.
B. Using a uniform marketing strategy across multiple countries.
C. Focusing on niche markets within a single country.
D. Employing only digital marketing channels internationally.
19. Which type of international marketing research is conducted to explore potential markets and understand consumer behavior in new countries?
A. Descriptive research.
B. Causal research.
C. Exploratory research.
D. Conclusive research.
20. What is the main challenge of using standardized advertising campaigns globally?
A. Increased production costs.
B. Difficulty in reaching a wide audience.
C. Potential cultural insensitivity and lack of relevance in local markets.
D. Lower brand recognition due to uniform messaging.
21. What is the `adaptation` strategy in international product strategy?
A. Selling the same product in all international markets.
B. Modifying products to meet local needs, tastes, and conditions.
C. Focusing on exporting existing domestic products.
D. Discontinuing products that are not successful internationally.
22. Which entry mode into a foreign market typically involves the highest level of risk and control?
A. Exporting.
B. Licensing.
C. Joint venture.
D. Wholly owned subsidiary.
23. In international marketing, what does `repositioning` a product typically involve?
A. Maintaining the same product image and positioning across all markets.
B. Changing the target market or perceived image of a product in a foreign market to better suit local preferences.
C. Lowering the price of a product to increase sales volume.
D. Expanding the product line to include new variations.
24. Which of Hofstede`s cultural dimensions measures the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect unequal power distribution?
A. Individualism vs. Collectivism.
B. Power Distance.
C. Masculinity vs. Femininity.
D. Uncertainty Avoidance.
25. Which of the following is a key challenge in international marketing research?
A. Lack of data availability in domestic markets.
B. Cultural and linguistic differences that can affect data collection and interpretation.
C. Over-reliance on secondary data sources.
D. Difficulty in applying statistical analysis techniques.
26. What is the role of `export intermediaries` in international marketing?
A. To manufacture products in foreign countries.
B. To facilitate the export process for companies, especially SMEs, by providing expertise and services.
C. To regulate international trade policies.
D. To directly sell products to end consumers in foreign markets.
27. Which international market segmentation approach assumes the existence of segments that transcend national borders?
A. National segmentation.
B. Regional segmentation.
C. Global segmentation.
D. Local segmentation.
28. Which of the following is a primary benefit of using a global brand name?
A. Reduced advertising costs due to localized campaigns.
B. Increased complexity in brand management.
C. Enhanced brand recognition and easier market entry across countries.
D. Greater difficulty in adapting to local market needs.
29. What is `ethnocentrism` in the context of international marketing?
A. The belief that one`s own culture is superior to others and should be the standard for marketing strategies.
B. Understanding and appreciating cultural differences in foreign markets.
C. Adapting marketing strategies to be culturally sensitive.
D. Focusing on ethical marketing practices globally.
30. What is a `tariff` in international trade?
A. A government subsidy to domestic exporters.
B. A tax imposed by a government on imported goods or services.
C. A quota on the quantity of goods that can be imported.
D. A trade agreement between countries.
