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Câu 1: What is 'translation exposure' primarily concerned with in multinational corporations?
- - The impact of exchange rate changes on daily cash transactions
- - The impact of exchange rate changes on the value of future sales
- - The impact of exchange rate changes on the consolidated financial statements
- - The risk of government expropriation of foreign assets
Câu 2: What is the main characteristic of an 'American style' currency option compared to a 'European style' option?
- - It can only be exercised at the expiration date
- - It can be exercised at any time up to and including the expiration date
- - It is traded only in the United States markets
- - It has no strike price or premium fee
Câu 3: Which of the following currencies was the most recent addition to the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) valuation basket?
- - Japanese Yen
- - Swiss Franc
- - British Pound
- - Chinese Renminbi
Câu 4: As of 2023, which benchmark rate has primarily replaced the USD London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for new financial contracts?
- - Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
- - Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR)
- - Federal Funds Rate
- - Prime Rate
Câu 5: In the context of international trade finance, which document represents a bank's guarantee to pay a seller on behalf of a buyer if specific conditions are met?
- - Bill of Lading
- - Commercial Invoice
- - Letter of Credit (L/C)
- - Promissory Note
Câu 6: Which of the following is considered a 'capital transfer' under the Capital Account component of the Balance of Payments?
- - The sale of manufactured goods to a foreign country
- - Debt forgiveness by a government to another country
- - Interest payments received on foreign bonds
- - Dividends paid to foreign shareholders
Câu 7: According to the Relative Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory, what determines the change in the exchange rate between two countries over time?
- - The difference in their inflation rates
- - The difference in their tax rates
- - The volume of gold reserves held by each country
- - The total value of their stock markets
Câu 8: A 'Call Option' on British Pounds (GBP) would be exercised by the holder if the spot rate at expiration is:
- - Lower than the strike price
- - Higher than the strike price
- - Equal to the strike price
- - Exactly zero
Câu 9: Which component of the Balance of Payments (BOP) records the export and import of goods and services along with primary and secondary income?
- - Capital Account
- - Financial Account
- - Current Account
- - Statistical Discrepancy
Câu 10: Which account in the Balance of Payments captures the purchase and sale of financial assets like stocks, bonds, and direct investments?
- - Financial Account
- - Current Account
- - Unilateral Transfers Account
- - Services Account
Câu 11: The 'Eurocurrency market' refers to the market for:
- - Currencies only used within the European Union
- - Physical Euro coins and banknotes found in Asia
- - Bank deposits denominated in a currency other than the local currency of the country where the bank is located
- - The exchange of the Euro for the US Dollar only
Câu 12: Which international organization primarily focuses on providing long-term loans for reconstruction and development to reduce poverty in developing nations?
- - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- - World Bank
- - World Trade Organization (WTO)
- - Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Câu 13: If Interest Rate Parity (IRP) holds, what happens to a currency that has a significantly higher nominal interest rate than another currency?
- - It should trade at a forward premium
- - It should trade at a forward discount
- - It will have the same forward rate as the spot rate
- - Its exchange rate will remain fixed forever
Câu 14: What does a 'Foreign Direct Investment' (FDI) imply that 'Foreign Portfolio Investment' (FPI) typically does not?
- - Purchasing shares of a company for short-term gain
- - The lack of any physical assets in the foreign country
- - A significant degree of management control or influence over the enterprise
- - Investment only in government-issued bonds
Câu 15: If the direct quote for the EUR is 1.20 USD and the direct quote for the GBP is 1.50 USD, what is the cross-rate for EUR/GBP (how many EUR per 1 GBP)?
- - 0.80
- - 1.25
- - 1.80
- - 1.10
Câu 16: Which historical agreement established the system of fixed exchange rates backed by the US Dollar and gold, which lasted until 1971?
- - The Plaza Accord
- - The Louvre Accord
- - The Bretton Woods Agreement
- - The Smithsonian Agreement
Câu 17: Which financial instrument involves an agreement to exchange principal and interest payments in one currency for those in another currency at specified intervals?
- - Currency Swap
- - Forward Contract
- - Currency Future
- - Spot Transaction
Câu 18: Under which exchange rate system does a government intervene to prevent its currency from moving too far in one direction without committing to a fixed parity?
- - Freely Floating System
- - Gold Standard
- - Managed Float (Dirty Float)
- - Currency Board
Câu 19: What does the 'J-curve effect' describe regarding the trade balance after a domestic currency devaluation?
- - The trade balance improves immediately without any delay
- - The trade balance stays constant regardless of exchange rate changes
- - The trade balance initially worsens before eventually improving
- - The trade balance improves first then deteriorates rapidly
Câu 20: Which type of foreign exchange exposure refers to the sensitivity of a firm's contractual cash flows to exchange rate changes?
- - Translation exposure
- - Economic exposure
- - Transaction exposure
- - Political exposure
Câu 21: What is the main difference between a 'forward contract' and a 'futures contract'?
- - Forwards are traded on an exchange while futures are private contracts
- - Forwards are standardized while futures are customized
- - Forwards are customized and traded OTC while futures are standardized and exchange-traded
- - Futures have no margin requirements while forwards do
Câu 22: If a bank quotes USD/EUR at 1.1050-1.1060, what is the 'bid' price (the price the bank is willing to buy EUR)?
- - 1.1060
- - 1.1055
- - 1.1050
- - 0.0010
Câu 23: Which form of arbitrage involves taking advantage of a discrepancy in exchange rate quotes among three different currencies at different banks?
- - Locational Arbitrage
- - Interest Rate Arbitrage
- - Triangular Arbitrage
- - Covered Interest Arbitrage
Câu 24: If the exchange rate of the Euro (EUR) moves from 1.10 USD to 1.21 USD, what is the percentage appreciation of the EUR?
- - 10%
- - 11%
- - 9.09%
- - 21%
Câu 25: The International Fisher Effect (IFE) suggests that currencies with higher nominal interest rates will depreciate because those rates reflect high expectations of:
- - Economic growth
- - Inflation
- - Trade surpluses
- - Tax increases