1. What type of variable is `Gender` (e.g., Male, Female) in SPSS?
A. Scale
B. Nominal
C. Ordinal
D. Continuous
2. In SPSS, what does `Factor Analysis` aim to achieve?
A. To predict the value of a dependent variable.
B. To reduce the number of variables by identifying underlying factors.
C. To compare means across different groups.
D. To test the reliability of a scale.
3. When interpreting a regression analysis in SPSS, what does the `Beta` coefficient represent?
A. The predicted value of the dependent variable.
B. The intercept of the regression line.
C. The standardized slope of the regression line, indicating the change in standard deviations of the dependent variable for a one standard deviation change in the independent variable.
D. The p-value of the independent variable.
4. What is a common reason for missing data in a dataset that you might need to address in SPSS?
A. Data is always perfectly complete.
B. Participants refused to answer certain questions.
C. SPSS automatically fills in missing data.
D. Missing data only occurs in very large datasets.
5. What is the purpose of `Compute Variable` in SPSS?
A. To sort cases
B. To create a new variable by performing calculations on existing variables
C. To filter cases
D. To change variable names
6. Which type of correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables?
A. Spearman`s rho
B. Chi-square
C. Pearson`s r
D. Kendall`s tau
7. What does it mean if a variable has a `Scale` measurement in SPSS?
A. The variable represents categories with no order.
B. The variable represents categories with a meaningful order.
C. The variable represents continuous data with equal intervals and a true zero point (Ratio) or without a true zero point (Interval).
D. The variable is used for nominal data only.
8. What is the purpose of `Weight Cases` in SPSS?
A. To remove outliers from the dataset.
B. To adjust the influence of cases in the analysis based on a weight variable.
C. To sort cases by weight.
D. To calculate the average weight of cases.
9. When should you use a non-parametric test instead of a parametric test in SPSS?
A. When the sample size is very large
B. When the data is normally distributed
C. When the assumptions of parametric tests are violated (e.g., non-normality)
D. When you want to increase statistical power
10. Which SPSS procedure is used to test if the means of more than two groups are significantly different?
A. Independent Samples T-test
B. Paired Samples T-test
C. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
D. Correlation
11. What is the function of the `Select Cases` option in SPSS?
A. To sort cases alphabetically
B. To choose a subset of cases for analysis based on certain criteria
C. To merge datasets
D. To identify duplicate cases
12. What is the primary function of SPSS?
A. Word processing
B. Statistical analysis
C. Web browsing
D. Database management
13. What is the purpose of `Recode into Different Variables` in SPSS?
A. To delete variables
B. To change the order of variables
C. To create new variables based on existing ones, keeping the original variable
D. To rename variables
14. What is the purpose of `Value Labels` in SPSS Variable View?
A. To define the data type of a variable.
B. To assign descriptive labels to the numerical codes of categorical variables.
C. To set the width of a variable column.
D. To specify missing values for a variable.
15. To calculate the mean and standard deviation of a variable in SPSS, which menu would you typically use?
A. Graphs
B. Data
C. Analyze
D. Utilities
16. What is the difference between `Split File` and `Select Cases` in SPSS?
A. `Split File` filters cases, while `Select Cases` analyzes data in subgroups.
B. `Split File` divides the dataset into groups for separate analyses, while `Select Cases` temporarily excludes cases from the analysis.
C. `Split File` is used for merging files, while `Select Cases` is for splitting files.
D. There is no difference; they perform the same function.
17. What is a potential limitation of using SPSS Syntax?
A. Syntax is only available in the graphical user interface.
B. Learning syntax requires understanding command language, which can be initially challenging.
C. Syntax cannot be used for complex statistical analyses.
D. Syntax is less reproducible than using the menus.
18. What does a p-value of 0.03 indicate in hypothesis testing?
A. The null hypothesis is likely true.
B. The alternative hypothesis is likely false.
C. There is strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
D. The sample size is too small.
19. In SPSS Data View, what does each row represent?
A. A variable
B. A case or observation
C. A data type
D. A statistical procedure
20. Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency available in SPSS Descriptive Statistics?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Variance
21. Which SPSS window is used to define variables and their properties?
A. Data View
B. Output Viewer
C. Syntax Editor
D. Variable View
22. What does `Cronbach`s Alpha` measure in SPSS?
A. Test-retest reliability
B. Inter-rater reliability
C. Internal consistency reliability
D. Predictive validity
23. What is the purpose of the `Syntax Editor` in SPSS?
A. To view data in a spreadsheet format
B. To define variables and their properties
C. To write and execute SPSS commands directly
D. To display output results
24. In SPSS, what is the output window primarily used for?
A. Data entry
B. Variable definition
C. Displaying statistical results and charts
D. Writing syntax commands
25. When running a correlation in SPSS, a correlation coefficient close to +1 indicates:
A. No correlation between the variables.
B. A strong negative correlation.
C. A strong positive correlation.
D. A weak positive correlation.
26. Which statistical test would be used to examine the association between two categorical variables?
A. T-test
B. ANOVA
C. Chi-square test
D. Correlation
27. What is the purpose of running a `Frequency` procedure in SPSS?
A. To compare means between groups
B. To test for relationships between variables
C. To obtain descriptive statistics and frequency tables for variables
D. To perform regression analysis
28. If you want to test if there is a difference in the mean score of the same group of participants measured at two different time points, which test is most appropriate?
A. Independent Samples T-test
B. Paired Samples T-test
C. One-Way ANOVA
D. Correlation
29. Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?
A. Paired Samples T-test
B. Independent Samples T-test
C. ANOVA
D. Correlation
30. In SPSS, what type of chart is best suited for displaying the frequency distribution of a categorical variable?
A. Scatter plot
B. Histogram
C. Bar chart
D. Line chart
