1. What is the function of the `Select Cases` option in SPSS?
A. To sort cases in the dataset.
B. To choose a subset of cases based on certain criteria for analysis.
C. To merge multiple datasets.
D. To transpose the dataset.
2. What is the alternative hypothesis (H1 or Ha)?
A. The hypothesis of no effect.
B. The hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis and represents the researcher`s prediction.
C. The hypothesis that is always accepted.
D. The hypothesis that is tested directly by statistical tests.
3. Which statistical test is appropriate to examine the association between two categorical variables?
A. Pearson Correlation
B. T-test
C. Chi-Square Test
D. Regression Analysis
4. When interpreting SPSS output for a t-test, what should you primarily look at to determine if the difference between means is statistically significant?
A. The t-statistic value.
B. The degrees of freedom.
C. The p-value (Sig. value).
D. The mean difference.
5. What does the standard deviation measure?
A. The central tendency of the data.
B. The spread or dispersion of data points around the mean.
C. The median value of the data.
D. The most frequent value in the data.
6. What type of variable is `Gender` (Male/Female) in SPSS?
A. Scale
B. Ordinal
C. Nominal
D. Continuous
7. In regression analysis, what is the dependent variable?
A. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
B. The variable that is predicted or explained by other variables.
C. The variable used to group cases.
D. The variable that is kept constant.
8. What is the `Syntax Editor` in SPSS used for?
A. Entering data directly into SPSS.
B. Viewing the output of statistical analyses.
C. Writing and executing SPSS commands for statistical analysis and data manipulation.
D. Defining variable properties.
9. What is Type I error in hypothesis testing?
A. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
C. Correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.
D. Correctly failing to reject a true null hypothesis.
10. What is the purpose of `Descriptive Statistics` in SPSS?
A. To make inferences about a population based on a sample.
B. To summarize and describe the main features of a dataset.
C. To test hypotheses about group differences.
D. To predict the value of one variable from another.
11. Which SPSS function is used to create subgroups of data for separate analyses?
A. Select Cases
B. Recode into Different Variables
C. Split File
D. Compute Variable
12. What is the primary function of the `Variable View` in SPSS?
A. To display the raw data values.
B. To define and modify variable properties like name, type, and labels.
C. To execute statistical analyses.
D. To view the results of statistical tests.
13. What is the purpose of `Recode into Different Variables` in SPSS?
A. To change the values of an existing variable.
B. To create a new variable based on the values of an existing variable, leaving the original variable unchanged.
C. To delete variables from the dataset.
D. To rename existing variables.
14. Which of the following is NOT a type of graph commonly created in SPSS?
A. Bar chart
B. Pie chart
C. Scatter plot
D. Gantt chart
15. In hypothesis testing, what is the null hypothesis (H0)?
A. The hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove.
B. The hypothesis of no effect or no difference.
C. The hypothesis that is accepted if the p-value is significant.
D. The hypothesis based on previous research.
16. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?
A. Median
B. Mode
C. Mean
D. Range
17. Which variable type in SPSS is suitable for categorical data that has a natural order, such as education levels (e.g., High School, Bachelor`s, Master`s)?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Scale
D. String
18. Which statistical procedure is used to compare the means of two independent groups?
A. Paired-Samples T-Test
B. Independent-Samples T-Test
C. ANOVA
D. Correlation
19. What does a p-value less than the significance level (alpha, typically 0.05) indicate in hypothesis testing?
A. Support for the null hypothesis.
B. Failure to reject the null hypothesis.
C. Rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
D. The result is not statistically significant.
20. What does ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) primarily test?
A. The correlation between two variables.
B. The difference between two group means.
C. The difference among means of three or more groups.
D. The frequency of categories in a single variable.
21. If you want to import data from an Excel spreadsheet into SPSS, which file type should you select in the `Open Data` dialog box?
A. *.sav
B. *.txt
C. *.xls or *.xlsx
D. *.dat
22. Why might you use SPSS syntax instead of the graphical user interface (GUI)?
A. Syntax is easier for beginners to learn.
B. Syntax is faster for data entry.
C. Syntax allows for better reproducibility and automation of analyses.
D. Syntax is required for all basic statistical analyses.
23. What is Type II error in hypothesis testing?
A. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
B. Correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.
C. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
D. Correctly failing to reject a true null hypothesis.
24. When is a Paired-Samples T-Test most appropriately used?
A. To compare means of two independent groups.
B. To compare means of two related groups or repeated measures on the same group.
C. To compare means of more than two groups.
D. To assess the relationship between two variables.
25. What does SPSS primarily stand for?
A. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
B. Software Program for Statistical Solutions
C. Systematic Processing of Statistical Surveys
D. Superior Performance in Statistical Software
26. What is a common use of non-parametric tests in SPSS?
A. When data is normally distributed.
B. When sample sizes are large.
C. When the assumptions of parametric tests (like normality) are violated.
D. When analyzing interval or ratio data.
27. What does a correlation coefficient of -0.8 indicate?
A. A strong positive correlation.
B. A weak positive correlation.
C. A strong negative correlation.
D. A weak negative correlation.
28. In SPSS, what does `Compute Variable` allow you to do?
A. To recode existing variables.
B. To create new variables by performing calculations on existing variables.
C. To select a subset of cases.
D. To split the dataset into subgroups.
29. What is the purpose of data transformation in SPSS?
A. To delete variables from the dataset.
B. To change the format of the output.
C. To modify variables to meet the assumptions of statistical tests or improve data interpretation.
D. To create new cases in the dataset.
30. In SPSS, which view is used to enter and directly manipulate the data?
A. Output View
B. Syntax View
C. Data View
D. Variable View
