Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Ngữ pháp lý thuyết tiếng Anh – Đề 8

Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs to create new meanings. 'Look into' is a phrasal verb that means 'to investigate' or 'examine carefully,' which is appropriate in the context of problem-solving. 'Look at' is more general, 'look for' means 'to search for,' and 'look over' means 'to review quickly'.

'As well as' is a conjunction used to add information in a similar way to 'and' but often with a slightly different emphasis. Option 3, 'She speaks French as well as Spanish,' correctly uses 'as well as' to add 'Spanish' to 'French' as languages she speaks. Option 1 uses 'also' which is correct but different structure. Option 2 and 4 have incorrect word order or punctuation.

The 'so...that' structure is used to express cause and consequence. 'So' intensifies the adjective, and 'that' introduces the clause of consequence. Option 4, 'It was so cold that we couldn't enjoy the beach,' correctly shows the consequence of the extreme cold. Option 1 and 2 are illogical in meaning, and option 3 is grammatically awkward with 'too cold so that'.

A defining relative clause (also called a restrictive clause) provides essential information to identify the noun it modifies. It is not set off with commas. Option 2, 'The car which is parked outside is mine,' uses 'which' to introduce a defining relative clause that specifies which car is being referred to. Options 1, 3, and 4 incorrectly use commas, suggesting a non-essential clause where a defining one is needed.

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. 'Herself' correctly refers back to 'She' when she is the recipient of her own action (blaming). Option 1 should be 'myself', option 2 'themselves', and option 4 'ourselves'.

Collective nouns (like 'team,' 'family,' 'committee') can be singular or plural depending on whether you are referring to the group as a single unit or as individual members. In this context, 'team' is acting as a single unit, so a singular verb ('is') is appropriate.

'However' is a conjunctive adverb used to show contrast. When used to connect two independent clauses, it is typically preceded by a comma and followed by a comma or period depending on sentence structure. Option 3, 'It was expensive, however, we bought it,' correctly punctuates 'however' when used as a conjunctive adverb between two clauses.

The third conditional is used to talk about hypothetical situations in the past – things that did not happen. It follows the structure: 'If + past perfect (had + past participle), would have + past participle'. Option 2 correctly uses this structure.

In questions starting with 'why', the typical word order is: 'Why + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (if any) + ...?'. Option 2, 'Why are you late?', follows this correct structure. The other options have incorrect word order for a standard 'why' question.

The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe actions that started in the past and are still continuing. However, 'know' is a stative verb and is not typically used in continuous tenses. The present perfect simple tense ('have known') is correct for stating how long you have known someone.

A relative clause provides additional information about a noun. 'Which' is the appropriate relative pronoun to refer to 'the book' (a thing). Option 2 correctly uses 'which' to introduce the relative clause and combine the sentences smoothly. Option 1 and 4 are grammatically incorrect, and option 3 uses 'who' which is for people.

'Fewer' is used with countable nouns (things you can count individually), while 'less' is used with uncountable nouns (things you cannot count individually or abstract concepts). 'Traffic' is generally considered uncountable, so 'less traffic' is correct. 'Cars' and 'apples' are countable, so 'fewer cars' and 'fewer apples' would be needed, making options 1 and 4 incorrect. 'Water' is uncountable, but the sentence structure in option 2 is grammatically incorrect.

The 'too...to' structure is used to express that something is excessive and prevents something else from happening. Option 3, 'He was too tired to walk home,' correctly uses 'too...to' to indicate that his tiredness was the reason he couldn't walk home. Option 1 uses 'so' instead of 'too'. Option 2 uses 'for walking' which changes the meaning. Option 4 uses 'very tired' but not the 'too...to' structure.

A non-essential clause (also called a non-restrictive clause) provides extra information that is not essential to identify the noun it modifies. It is set off with commas. In option 2, 'who lives in London' is non-essential information about 'My brother' and is correctly enclosed in commas.

A participle clause can shorten a sentence by reducing a subordinate clause to a participial phrase. 'Being tired' is a present participle clause that effectively replaces 'Because she was tired' and conveys the same meaning more concisely.

To express a wish about a present situation that is contrary to fact, we use 'wish + past simple'. For 'to be', 'were' is often used instead of 'was' in formal English, especially in 'wish' clauses and conditional sentences, regardless of the subject's number. Option 3 is considered more grammatically formal and widely accepted.

Inversion is a grammatical structure where the normal word order is reversed for emphasis. When adverbials like 'rarely,' 'never,' 'seldom,' 'hardly,' etc., are placed at the beginning of a sentence, inversion often occurs, meaning the auxiliary verb comes before the subject. 'Rarely had she seen...' is the correct inverted form for emphasis.

To transform an active voice sentence into passive voice, the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb, and the subject becomes the agent (often introduced by 'by'). The verb 'chased' (past simple active) becomes 'was chased' (past simple passive). Option 3 correctly applies this transformation.

A gerund is a verb form ending in '-ing' that functions as a noun. In option 4, 'Swimming' is used as the subject of the sentence, functioning as a noun. Option 1 uses an infinitive ('to swim') as the subject, which is also grammatically correct but different from a gerund. Option 2 is grammatically incorrect, and option 3 is unnecessarily complex and awkward.

Parallelism means using the same grammatical structure for similar items in a list or series. In option 4, 'swimming,' 'hiking,' and 'reading' are all gerunds, maintaining parallel structure and grammatical consistency. The other options mix gerunds and infinitives, breaking the parallelism.

'Between' is typically used when referring to two people or things, or when specifying distinct, individual items, even if there are more than two. 'Among' is generally used when referring to three or more people or things, and the items are seen as a group or mass rather than individually. Option 3, 'between the two friends,' is correct because it involves two specific individuals.

The correlative conjunction 'neither...nor' is used to present two negative alternatives. Option 2, 'Neither John nor Mary came to the party,' correctly uses 'neither...nor' to indicate that both John and Mary did not come. 'Neither...or' and 'neither...and' are incorrect pairings.

Modal verbs of deduction express degrees of certainty. 'Must' indicates strong certainty or logical conclusion based on evidence. 'Might,' 'could,' and 'may' express possibility, not certainty.

The definite article 'the' is used to refer to specific or particular nouns. In option 2, 'school' is used in its primary purpose of education, so no article is needed in many contexts. In option 1, using 'the school' implies a specific school building, possibly as a visitor, not as a student. 'Life' and 'doctor' in options 3 and 4 are used generally and should not have 'the' unless specifying a particular instance.

'Despite' is a preposition used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun phrase or a gerund. Option 3, 'Despite the rain, we enjoyed the picnic,' correctly uses 'despite' followed by the noun phrase 'the rain' to show contrast. 'Despite of' in option 1 is incorrect. Option 2 incorrectly uses 'but' after 'despite'. Option 4 uses 'of raining' which is grammatically awkward, 'despite the rain' is preferred noun phrase.

The structure 'used to + infinitive' describes past habits or states that are no longer true. Option 3, 'I used to play football,' is the grammatically correct way to express a past habit. 'Am used to + gerund' (option 1) means 'be accustomed to,' which has a different meaning. Options 2 and 4 are grammatically incorrect.

'Although' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a clause of contrast. Option 3, 'Although it was raining, we went for a walk,' correctly uses 'although' to show a contrast between the rain and going for a walk. 'Despite' in option 1 needs to be followed by a noun phrase or gerund. Option 2 incorrectly uses 'but' after 'although' (redundant). Option 4 incorrectly uses 'so' after 'although' (illogical).

The subjunctive mood is used to express wishes, suggestions, commands, or hypothetical situations. In formal English, after verbs like 'suggest,' 'recommend,' 'demand,' 'insist,' etc., in 'that' clauses, the base form of the verb (subjunctive) is used. Option 2, 'I suggest that he go to the doctor,' uses the subjunctive mood correctly.

The correlative conjunction 'either...or' presents two alternatives. Option 3, 'Either you can stay or you can leave,' correctly uses 'either...or' to offer two choices. 'Either...and' and 'either...either' are incorrect pairings. 'Either...or' should connect two parallel options.

'Neither' is used to express negative agreement. The correct structure is 'Neither + auxiliary verb + subject'. Option 2, 'I don't like coffee, neither do I,' correctly uses 'neither' to show that the speaker also doesn't like coffee, following the correct inverted structure after 'neither'.