Đề thi, bài tập trắc nghiệm online Ngữ âm tiếng Anh thực hành – Đề 1

'Beat' (/biːt/) has the long, high front vowel /iː/, while 'bit' (/bɪt/) has the shorter, slightly lower high-mid front vowel /ɪ/. The primary differences are vowel length (long vs. short) and tongue height (slightly higher for /iː/). Lip rounding is not a significant factor for these front vowels. Backness is also not the primary distinction as both are front vowels.

The 'ea' digraph can have several pronunciations. In 'head', 'bread', and 'dead', 'ea' is pronounced as /e/, the short vowel sound as in 'bed'. 'Sea' is /iː/, 'steak' is /eɪ/, and 'break' is /eɪ/.

The 'ough' letter combination can represent several vowel sounds. In 'thought', it represents the long vowel sound /ɔː/, as in 'caught' and 'taught'. The other options represent sounds found in words like 'mouth' (/aʊ/), 'through' (/uː/), and 'though' (/əʊ/).

Let's break down the description: 'voiced' means the vocal cords vibrate, 'bilabial' means using both lips, and 'stop' means the airflow is completely stopped then released. /b/ (as in 'ball') fits all criteria. /p/ is unvoiced bilabial stop. /t/ and /d/ are alveolar stops.

Elision is the omission of a sound in connected speech, often for ease of pronunciation in rapid speech. Omitting the /h/ in 'him' in 'Tell him' is a classic example of elision. Assimilation is sound change, intrusion is adding a sound, and weakening refers to weak forms, not sound omission.

Sentence stress is used to highlight the most important words in a sentence, typically content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) that carry new or key information. It helps listeners understand the focus of the message. It does not make all words equally important, slow down speech, or make it monotonous.

A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ in only one phoneme (sound) and have different meanings. 'Ship' (/ʃɪp/) and 'sheep' (/ʃiːp/) differ only in the vowel sound (/ɪ/ vs. /iː/), making them a minimal pair. 'Pen and pencil', 'cat and cats', and 'run and running' differ by more than one phoneme or are different grammatical forms of the same word.

The vowel sound /ʊ/ is a short, back, rounded vowel found in words like 'foot', 'book', and 'put'. 'Put' contains this sound. 'Food', 'flute', and 'pool' contain the long vowel sound /uː/.

Yes/no questions in English generally use a rising intonation pattern at the end of the sentence. This indicates that a question is being asked and seeks a 'yes' or 'no' answer. Falling intonation is typical for statements and 'wh-' questions. Level intonation is less common and can sound monotonous. Circumflex intonation isn't a standard broad category in basic intonation patterns.

In natural, connected speech, especially in faster speech, the word 'comfortable' is often reduced to three syllables: /ˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ or /ˈkʌm.fər.tə.bəl/. The 'or' sound and the 'ta' syllable can be reduced or elided. While dictionary entries might show four syllables, practical pronunciation often uses three.

A diphthong is a vowel sound that glides from one vowel quality to another within the same syllable. 'Price' contains the diphthong /aɪ/. 'Trap' (/æ/), 'nurse' (/ɜː/), and 'dress' (/e/) contain monophthongs (single vowel sounds).

The consonant sound /f/ is produced by bringing the lower lip close to the upper teeth and forcing air through the narrow gap, creating friction (fricative). 'Labiodental' refers to the lips and teeth articulation. Therefore, it is a labiodental fricative. Bilabial stop uses both lips to stop air (/p/, /b/). Alveolar nasal uses the tongue and alveolar ridge with air through the nose (/n/). Velar plosive uses the back of the tongue and soft palate to stop air (/k/, /ɡ/).

The word 'through' is phonetically transcribed as /θruː/. '/θ/' represents the unvoiced 'th' sound, '/r/' is the 'r' sound, and '/uː/' is the long 'oo' sound. '/truː/' is missing the 'th' sound. '/θrəʊ/' is the pronunciation of 'though'. '/ðruː/' uses the voiced 'th' sound, which is incorrect for 'through'.

The pronunciation difference between 'woman' /ˈwʊmən/ and 'women' /ˈwɪmɪn/ lies primarily in the second syllable vowel sound. 'Woman' has /ə/ (schwa) while 'women' has /ɪ/. The first syllable vowel sound remains /ʊ/ and /ɪ/ respectively but the main distinguishing factor is the second syllable vowel.

A silent letter is a letter that is written but not pronounced. In 'knife', the 'k' is silent. The other words, 'chair', 'tree', and 'book', do not contain silent letters.

Word stress refers to the syllable in a word that is pronounced with greater emphasis. In 'photography', the stress falls on the second syllable: pho-TOG-raphy. This is a common stress pattern for words ending in '-graphy'.

The vowel sound /eɪ/ is a diphthong found in words like 'say', 'face', and 'late'. Option 2, 'say', contains this sound. The other options contain different vowel sounds: 'bed' (/e/), 'ship' (/ɪ/), and 'sit' (/ɪ/).

Intonation plays a crucial role in conveying meaning beyond the words themselves. It signals attitude (e.g., surprise, sarcasm), emotion (e.g., happiness, anger), and grammatical structure (e.g., questions vs. statements). While it does contribute to the melody of speech and can mark boundaries, its function is much broader than just these.

The phonetic symbol /ŋ/ (eta with a tail) represents the velar nasal consonant sound, commonly spelled 'ng' as in 'sing', 'ring', and 'song'. /m/ is for 'm' sound, /n/ for 'n' sound, and /ɡ/ for 'g' sound.

In American English, the word 'schedule' is usually stressed on the first syllable: /ˈskedʒuːl/. In British English, it's often stressed on the second syllable /ˈʃedjuːl/. The question specifically asks about American English pronunciation.

Weak forms are unstressed pronunciations of grammatical words, particularly auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, and conjunctions. 'To' is often reduced to its weak form /tə/ or /tɪ/ in unstressed positions in a sentence. 'She', 'going', and 'store' are content words and typically retain their strong forms.

Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound. In 'good girl', the /d/ at the end of 'good' can become assimilated to a /ɡ/ sound, influenced by the following /ɡ/ in 'girl', making it sound like 'goog girl'. This is a common type of assimilation (regressive assimilation). The other options don't typically demonstrate assimilation in standard connected speech.

The consonant sound /ʃ/ is a palato-alveolar fricative. 'Palato-alveolar' means it's articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. 'Fricative' means it's produced with friction of air. Alveolar stops are /t/, /d/. Velar nasal is /ŋ/. Dental fricative is /θ/, /ð/.

The 'th' digraph can be pronounced as either /θ/ (unvoiced) or /ð/ (voiced). 'Them' uses the voiced sound /ð/. 'Thin', 'bath', and 'path' all use the unvoiced sound /θ/.

Connected speech is characterized by features that make speech flow more smoothly and efficiently. Elision, assimilation, and weak forms are all common features. Exaggerated pronunciation of all syllables is the opposite of connected speech; it would sound unnatural and stilted. Connected speech typically involves reduction and modification of sounds, not exaggeration.

Linking in connected speech involves joining the pronunciation of the final sound of one word to the initial sound of the next word. This is done to create a smoother and more fluid flow of speech. It does not separate words, emphasize syllables, or necessarily slow speech down.

The consonant sound /θ/ (as in 'thin') is a dental sound. It is produced by placing the tongue between or just behind the teeth. Bilabial uses both lips, labiodental uses lips and teeth, and alveolar uses the tongue and alveolar ridge.

The 's' ending has three pronunciations: /s/, /z/, and /ɪz/. It is pronounced as /z/ after voiced sounds (except /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/). 'Dogs' ends in a voiced sound (/ɡ/), so the 's' is pronounced as /z/. 'Cats' and 'books' end in unvoiced sounds, pronounced /s/. 'Laughs' ends in /f/ (unvoiced), pronounced /s/.

Linking /r/ is inserted in non-rhotic accents (like standard British English) at the end of words spelled with 'r' before a following vowel sound to link the words smoothly. 'Car' ends in 'r' and would have a linking /r/ if followed by a word starting with a vowel (e.g., 'car and'). 'Cat', 'bus', and 'dog' do not end in 'r' and would not have a linking /r/.

Homophones are words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings. 'See' and 'sea' are pronounced the same (/siː/) but have different meanings and spellings. 'Ship and sheep' are minimal pairs, differing in vowel sound. 'Cat and bat' and 'run and ran' are different words but not homophones.